San Francisco Frontiers - Jihadist fuel blockade makes life a struggle in Mali's capital

Jihadists have rendered everyday life in Mali increasingly impossible in recent weeks via a fuel blockade that has brought the west African country to its knees.

"I've been here for three days. I've spent two nights here", Karim Coulibaly, a bus driver in his 30s, told AFP from the line in the capital, adding that the lack of fuel had rendered him "unemployed".

Over the course of three days, only one tanker arrived to replenish the stations' tanks, and the fuel was gone within an hour, as authorities watched on.

Since back-to-back coups in 2020 and 2021, Mali has been ruled by a military junta that is struggling to counter various armed groups, particularly the Al-Qaeda-linked Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (JNIM), which is waging the blockade.

Throughout the capital, fuel is being rationed at 10,000 CFA ($17.75), or about 13 litres (3.4 gallons) of gasoline.

A litre purchased at the pump resells on the black market for around three times the initial price, residents told AFP.

"We have no choice. It's take it or leave it," one customer said, asking to remain anonymous for security reasons.

Since September, JNIM has been targeting fuel tankers, particularly those coming from Senegal and Ivory Coast, through which the majority of Mali's imported goods transit.

- Killed, kidnapped, ambushed -

JNIM has recently appeared to be seeking to isolate Bamako by increasing operations on the surrounding roads.

Many tankers have been set on fire, while drivers and soldiers have been killed or kidnapped in jihadist ambushes.

JNIM is retaliating against the authorities' ban on the sale of fuel at locations other than service stations in rural areas, a move meant to dry up the jihadists' fuel supply lines, according to authorities.

The blockade has hit the capital particularly hard the past two weeks, with the landlocked Sahel nation's economy grinding to a halt.

"I haven't gone to work for a week," said Oumar Diallo, a civil servant waiting in the kilometre-long queue.

Meanwhile, the US embassy in Mali urged American citizens Tuesday to "depart immediately", citing the "unpredictability of Bamako's security situation".

On Wednesday, Italy and Germany also asked their nationals to leave the country as swiftly as possible.

- No electricity, no work -

The shortage is also exacerbating severe and recurrent power outages that have crippled the Malian economy for the past five years.

The supply of electricity has been reduced from 19 hours a day to six by provider Energie du Mali (EDM).

Mamadou Coulibaly, an electrician, has been out of work for a week. In addition, the 23-year-old's phone and external power banks have no power, meaning he can no longer communicate per usual.

At the last client's house he visited, he waited for hours for the electricity come back on so he could locate the electrical fault, but it never returned.

To get home, he had to push his motorcycle for 20 kilometres (12 miles).

"Since then, I've been here without money, without work, without any means of transportation," he said.

The junta announced Sunday evening that class was cancelled at schools and universities for two weeks due to the shortages.

In the middle of harvest season, some agricultural machinery has been rendered inoperable without fuel, with the shortages having struck daily life outside the capital several weeks earlier.

"Usually this time of year rice and millet prices drop because it's harvest time," Ousmane Dao, a 32-year-old grain vendor at a Bamako market, told AFP. "This year, it's not the case."

- Of spaghetti and solar panels -

In grocery stores, food stocks are low.

"We're starting to run out of spaghetti, macaroni and yogurt, even though they're made here," Hamidou Maiga told AFP from his Bamako grocery store. "Suppliers don't have the means to produce them because of the lack of electricity."

The junta has remained silent on the situation so far.

Bamako residents are grappling for solutions, with the more affluent installing solar panels to generate their own electricity.

"Everyone who can afford it has installed solar panels at home and in their offices," an EDM sales representative told AFP, speaking on condition of anonymity.

Like many young motorcyclists, 22-year-old mechanic Chaka Doumbia now relies on improvisation.

"I mix paint solvent with alcohol. With that you can get your engine running," he said.

The mixture, if not properly measured, can set an engine on fire.

P.Thomas--SFF