San Francisco Frontiers - Prabowo Subianto: ex-general headed for Indonesia presidency

Subianto claimed a first-round victory over two rivals on Wednesday that would crown his decades-long battle to win high office in Southeast Asia's largest economy.

The defence minister had opened a wide lead in polls ahead of Wednesday's election before previously reliable preliminary results by government-approved pollsters put him on course for a majority after voting closed.

His rising popularity has been aided by his vast wealth, nationalist verve in populist speeches and strongman credentials as chief of the influential military.

"At 18, I signed a vow, I was ready to die for the people and the nation. I have not revoked the vow. I am ready if God summons me," he told a campaign rally last month, touting his military service.

The former general's political ambitions came to the fore in 2004 but he failed to become the presidential candidate of the Golkar party, Suharto's former political vehicle.

He ran for vice president in 2009 with ex-president Megawati Sukarnoputri, who failed to win. He would lose the next two presidential elections to the popular Joko Widodo, who is stepping down after reaching the constitutional two-term limit.

Rights groups have expressed alarm that Subianto could roll back hard-won democratic freedoms, pointing to accusations he ordered the abduction of democracy activists at the end of Suharto's rule.

Subianto was dismissed from the military in 1998 over the abductions. The United States for years refused him a visa over his rights record, but he denied the accusations and was never charged.

He has since rehabilitated his image, partly thanks to a savvy social media campaign targeting Indonesia's youth in which he is portrayed as a "cuddly grandpa".

Rising approval ratings that made him the presidential favourite were also in no small part due to cannily picking Widodo's eldest son Gibran Rakabuming Raka as his running mate.

Analysts said Subianto's chances were helped by Widodo's popularity and support, as well as younger Indonesians -- more than half of nearly 205 million eligible voters -- who did not come of age under Suharto.

"We will fight to bring prosperity for all people of Indonesia. We will continue what was already being built by previous presidents," Subianto said in a final pitch to supporters at a weekend campaign rally.

- Rights concerns -

While Subianto is promising more of Widodo's economic development, the prospect of his presidency is causing alarm among rights groups that democratic gains made since the end of authoritarian rule could be rolled back.

"I am still concerned that Prabowo -- fully backed up by Jokowi -- could roll back reforms achieved with tears and blood of my fellow student activists," said Usman Hamid, executive director of Amnesty International Indonesia, using the current president's nickname.

"This could be the end of our hard-won freedom," he added.

Subianto was born in 1951 to a wealthy family and a father who served as finance and trade minister, while his grandfather established the country's first state-owned bank.

After living in Switzerland and England as a child, he returned to Indonesia in 1970 and joined the military.

He married one of Suharto's daughters, Siti Hediati Hariyadi, in 1983. They have since divorced.

Between 1997 and 1998, when some of the kidnappings of activists took place, Subianto led the elite army force known as Kopassus, used by Jakarta for special operations aimed at tamping down internal unrest.

More than a dozen activists remain missing and feared dead, and witnesses accuse his military unit of committing atrocities in East Timor.

He was dismissed from the military in 1998 over the abductions but was never charged, and went into voluntary exile in Jordan.

On his return several years later, he launched a business career with interests in palm oil and energy before jumping into politics.

Indonesian ally the United States once refused a visa over his rights record and he was also reportedly included on a visa blacklist in Australia before the 2014 election.

But he has since been allowed to visit Canberra and Washington, and has in turn hosted his American and Australian counterparts.

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