San Francisco Frontiers - AI reshaping the battle over the narrative of Maduro's US capture

The endless stream of content ranges from comedic memes to dramatic retellings.

In one, a courtroom illustration of Maduro in a New York courthouse springs to life and announces: "I consider myself a prisoner of war."

In another, an AI-generated Maduro attempts to escape a US prison through an air duct, only to find himself in a courtroom with US President Donald Trump, where they dance with a judge and an FBI agent to a song by American rapper Ice Spice.

Maduro was captured alongside his wife Cilia Flores during US strikes in the Venezuelan capital of Caracas on January 3.

They have since been taken to a prison in New York where they are being held on drug trafficking charges.

While some have celebrated Maduro's ouster, the "Chavismo" movement he leads -- named after his predecessor Hugo Chavez -- has worked to reframe what his fall means for Venezuela's future.

- ' Confuse, combat, and silence' -

Leon Hernandez, a researcher at Andres Bello Catholic University, told AFP that with AI's rapid creation of content, we see development of "disinformation labs" that flood social media platforms.

"There were things that circulated that were not real during the capture (of Maduro), and things that circulated which were real that generated doubt," Hernandez said.

"That was the idea: to create confusion and generate skepticism at the base level by distorting certain elements of real things."

The goal, he added, is for the content to overwhelm audiences so they cannot follow it.

Even legacy media such as the Venezuelan VTV television channel are in on it, with the broadcaster playing an AI-animated video narrated by a child recounting Maduro's capture.

"AI has become the new instrument of power for autocrats to confuse, combat, and silence dissent," said Elena Block, a professor of political communication and strategy at the University of Queensland in Australia.

- 'Greatest threat to democracy' -

Block pointed out the use of cartoons, specifically, had been a medium of propaganda used in both authoritarian and democratic states.

Long before his arrest, Maduro was depicted as the illustrated superhero "Super Bigote" or "Super Mustache," donning a Superman-like suit and fighting monsters like "extremists" and the "North American empire."

The cartoon's popularity spawned toys that have been carried by Maduro's supporters during rallies advocating for his return.

And much like his predecessor, Maduro continued a practice of "media domination" to stave off traditional media outlets from airing criticism of Chavismo.

"With censorship and the disappearance or weakening of news media, social media has emerged as one of the only spaces for information," Block said.

Maduro is not the only leader to use AI propaganda -- Trump has frequently posted AI-generated pictures and videos of himself with "antagonistic, aggressive, and divisive language."

"These digital and AI tools end up trivializing politics: you don't explain it, you diminish it," Block said. "AI today is the greatest threat to democracy."

I.Rodriguez--SFF