San Francisco Frontiers - Kosovo votes amid tensions with allies, Serbia

Kurti and his Vetevendosje ("Self-Determination") party (VV) have campaigned on their efforts to dismantle the remaining Serbian institutions in Kosovo while expanding the government's reach to Serb-majority areas.

Those pledges have been well received by large swathes of Kosovo's ethnic Albanian majority -- with one of the few available polls projecting that VV was on course to capture roughly half of the vote.

Kurti's campaign has sought to drive home the message, insisting the government is in greater control of Kosovo's territory than at any other time since independence.

"It will be a historic referendum on Sunday," Kurti said at a campaign rally in Pristina Friday night, stressing the need to secure 500,000 votes to form a majority government.

Animosity between Kosovo and Serbia has persisted since the war between Serbian forces and ethnic Albanian insurgents in the late 1990s.

Serbia has steadfastly refused to acknowledge Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008.

Since the war's end, remnants of Serbian government institutions continued to provide services -- ranging from health care to education -- to Serbs inside Kosovo.

But in the past year, Kurti has sought to end that status quo.

- Shadow state -

Kosovo's authorities have effectively outlawed the use of the Serbian dinar, closed banks and shuttered the post offices where Serbian pension payments were cashed.

Belgrade-backed government and tax offices have also been closed and Serbian car plates banned.

The moves have heightened the uneasy relations between Kosovo's ethnic Albanian majority and its Serb minority in the run-up to the polls.

Once known for antagonistic stunts such as letting off tear gas in parliament, the VV has grown from a street movement led by Kurti in the 2000s to Kosovo's dominant political party.

Kurti's government is the first to finish its full term in office since the breakaway Serbian province declared independence.

But Kurti's rule has been turbulent, marked by regular unrest between Serbs and ethnic Albanians.

Tensions spiked after EU- and US-backed negotiations between Kosovo and Serbia all but collapsed in March 2023.

In the aftermath, NATO peacekeepers were assaulted by rioting Serbs, a deadly armed standoff in the north sent regional tensions soaring and an explosion targeting a canal vital to Kosovo's power plants late last year saw Kurti blaming Belgrade.

Throughout the unrest, Kurti has remained unwavering, even if it meant running afoul of Kosovo's vital allies in the United States and Europe.

But his supporters have praised his vision.

"You can see the things (Kurti) has done. He is irreplaceable," Zek Kurtaj, 40, told AFP after landing at the Pristina airport on Saturday ahead of the vote.

- Critical indicator -

Others suggest Kurti's actions may have been overly disruptive.

Kurti "has been repeatedly accused by opposition parties of delivering little, defying the international community, and complaining about Serbia while missing out on opportunities to build infrastructure and develop Kosovo economically," wrote Jonathan Moore, an analyst from the Atlantic Council's Europe Center.

"The results of this election will be a critical indicator of Kosovo's future."

Many of Kurti's rivals -- which include more than two dozen opposition parties in the contest -- have sought to focus on Kosovo's economic uncertainty.

Kosovo remains one of the poorest economies in Europe, with roughly 12 percent of its population emigrating since 2011.

Xhavit Haliti of the right-wing Democratic Party of Kosovo -- considered one of the VV's strongest opponents -- has denounced Kurti for fraying ties with Washington and Brussels.

Meanwhile, the Democratic League of Kosovo led by economist Lumir Abdixhiku has vowed to increase salaries and boost pensions.

In ethnic Serb areas, the Belgrade-backed Serb List party has campaigned on familiar vows to protect the rights of Kosovo's dwindling Serb minority.

"Any Serb who does not vote tomorrow or who votes against the Serb List de facto gives their vote to Kurti and to those who obey him," party leader Zlatan Elek told local media.

Voting will begin at 07:00 am (0600 GMT) on Sunday and close 12 hours later, when exit polls are expected.

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