San Francisco Frontiers - NATO meets to agree next steps in Ukraine membership push

Boosted by an eve of summit breakthrough in Sweden's bid to join, NATO leaders sought to show a united front, despite rifts over how clear a promise to make to Kyiv.

Alliance secretary general Jens Stoltenberg was upbeat. "We will send a clear message, a positive message on the path forward. The text in the communique will be made public within hours," he declared.

Members of the 31-strong Atlantic alliance were expected to boost their offers of weaponry to help Ukraine defeat the Russian invasion and to reaffirm that Kyiv's future is inside NATO. But Washington in particular is reluctant to set a timetable.

German Patriot missile systems and French fighter jets were guarding the skies as NATO leaders gathered in the Lithuanian capital, on land once occupied by Moscow and now guarding the alliance's eastern flank.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will head to Vilnius for the two-day summit to make the case that Kyiv has earned the right to join when the Kremlin's invasion ends.

"Ukraine deserves to be in the alliance. Not now, because now there's war, but we need a clear signal," Zelensky said in Kyiv.

While Ukraine's neighbours have pushed for an explicit timetable, the US and Germany are reluctant to go beyond an earlier vow that it will become a member one day.

US President Joe Biden, who will meet Zelensky on Wednesday, has said there is no agreement to offer Kyiv membership while the war with Russia rages, as this could drag NATO directly into the conflict.

White House National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters NATO will draw up a path of reforms that Ukraine will need to undertake in order to eventually join, but without giving a "timetable".

The alliance has made a step towards Kyiv by simplifying its eventual accession bid and dropping a requirement that it complete a formal road map of reforms.

As Ukraine wages a punishing counter-offensive, dominant powers the US, Britain, France and Germany have been negotiating long-term commitments on weapons supplies.

These fall far short of Zelensky's desire to be under NATO's collective defence umbrella, but could reassure him that his nation can keep on fighting.

Drawing up something similar to the US arrangement with Israel -- which sees Washington sending $3.8 billion (3.5 billion euros) of weapons each year for a decade -- is one possibility.

Lithuania's President Gitanas Nauseda insisted only NATO's article five mutual defence clause "can provide real security guarantees which would deter Russia from any future aggression."

In a reminder of the daily threat facing Ukrainians, Russia targeted Kyiv and the port city of Odesa in yet another overnight drone attack. There was no immediate information on casualties.

- NATO overhaul -

The biggest war in Europe since World War II has propelled NATO into the most sweeping overhaul of its defences since the end of the Cold War.

Alliance leaders should sign off on new regional plans to protect against any potential Russian attack and agree to bolster defence spending targets.

"On our side of the fence, we have to up the game of preparedness and just keep our eyes open," Latvian Prime Minister Krisjanis Karins said.

But letting Ukraine in remains a step too far for some for now.

Diplomats have been wrangling up to the wire over the exact wording of the final communique as they seek to convince Ukraine it is moving forward.

In 2008, NATO left Ukraine in a grey zone by vowing it will become a member but failing to back that up with any concrete progress.

Kyiv's push to join the Western bloc enraged Putin and was used as a pretext to justify his war.

- Turkey backs Sweden -

But more than 500 days into the conflict, Putin is facing an even bigger NATO.

After hours of talks, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Monday ended months of deadlock by agreeing to forward Sweden's application for membership to his parliament for approval.

Stoltenberg hailed a "historic day" that should help clear the way for Sweden to become the second new member since Finland joined in April.

Turkey has been holding up Sweden's application, accusing Stockholm of harbouring Kurdish activists Ankara regards as terrorists.

In a joint statement Stockholm said it will now "actively support" efforts to reinvigorate Turkey's long-stalled accession bid for the EU.

Hungary is also yet to approve it, although Prime Minister Viktor Orban's government has vowed it will not be the last to make the step, implying it will move soon.

F.Edwards--SFF