San Francisco Frontiers - Ukraine moves to fortify embattled Bakhmut as Russia closes in

But Ukrainian forces fighting to retain control of the salting-mining town told AFP that Russia's capture was inevitable and that some units had already begun to pull back.

The eastern Ukrainian city has been badly destroyed during the longest and bloodiest battle since Russia's more than year-long invasion.

Kyiv says the fighting is becoming increasingly difficult and analysts say its forces may have initiated a strategic retreat.

But President Volodymyr Zelensky met with top commanders Monday and his office said they favoured "continuing the defensive operation and further strengthening our positions in Bakhmut."

Neither side has said how many troops they have lost in the battle, with observers saying both Moscow and Kyiv are trying to exhaust each other.

Outside Bakhmut, some Ukrainian soldiers had lost hope that Kyiv would hold the city and looked set to retreat.

Near the town of Chasiv Yar, 10 kilometres (six miles) west of Bakhmut, one soldier said he came to repair his tank after a month of fighting.

"Bakhmut will fall," he told AFP from the vehicle, his face marked by fatigue.

- 'Retreating in groups' -

"We are almost encircled. The units are progressively retreating in small groups."

He said the only path out of Bakhmut was over dirt roads that lead to Chasiv Yar. If tanks get bogged down there, he said, they could become a target for artillery fire.

The US-based Institute for the Study of War has said Ukrainian forces may have initiated a strategic retreat from the city.

"Ukrainian forces are likely conducting a limited tactical withdrawal in Bakhmut, although it is still too early to assess Ukrainian intentions concerning a complete withdrawal from the city," it said in a recent analytical note.

The Ukrainian army said Sunday that its troops had fought off "more than 130" Russian attacks in a single day around Bakhmut and said Moscow's forces were trying to encircle the city.

Some 4,500 civilians remain in Bakhmut, Ukrainian officials have said.

In Chasiv Yar, an elderly woman named Antonina said she was scared but determined to stay in the village where she was born.

The 82-year-old said she survives on humanitarian aid and vegetables from her garden.

She said strikes were more intense at the end of last week.

Russia has appeared determined to take Bakhmut at all costs, despite analysts saying the city has little strategic value.

But there were signs that its forces too were exhausted and struggling.

As the fight rages, the head of Russia's mercenary group Wagner that is spearheading the Bakhmut battle has complained his forces there lack ammunition.

Yevgeny Prigozhin alleged late Sunday that Russian reservists meant to deploy to Bakhmut had been diverted and that ammunition promised by the military was days late in arriving.

"We are trying to understand what the reasons are -- the usual bureaucracy or betrayal," Prigozhin said on social media.

- Assassination plot -

Prigozhin, a Kremlin-linked businessman, has seen his influence balloon since Moscow's offensive and has regularly criticised the Russian army.

Ukraine also faced new air attacks, with the air force saying that it had shot down 13 explosive drones launched from southern Russia overnight.

The air force said on Telegram that Russian forces had launched 15 Iran-made Shahed drones, 13 of which Ukrainian forces shot down.

South of Bakhmut, Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu visited Mariupol, the port city that Moscow captured after a long siege last Spring.

Shoigu is one of the highest-ranking Russian officials to visit east Ukraine. He toured the destroyed city to oversee reconstruction efforts.

Mariupol, on the Azov Sea, fell to the Russian army last May and has since been largely cut off from outside scrutiny.

In Moscow, Russia's FSB security service claimed it had thwarted an attempt to assassinate a controversial pro-Kremlin tycoon, Konstantin Malofeyev.

The FSB blamed a Russian-founded sabotage group that last week penetrated the country's borders from Ukraine.

It alleged that assassination was an "act of terror" that resembled that of the killing last August of Darya Dugina, the daughter of a far-right thinker and Kremlin supporter.

N.Wilson--SFF