San Francisco Frontiers - Pope recovering after lung cancer operation that rattles Church

Part of the pope's right lung was removed in the operation and the leader of the world's 1.4 billion Catholics is awaiting the results of tests to determine if the cancer has spread.

"The pope passed a calm night," the Vatican said, without providing details.

The sporty 71-year-old, who was elected as the first American pope only last year, made the surprise announcement that he would be undergoing surgery after Sunday prayers.

He underwent the 90-minute operation at Rome's Gemelli hospital on Tuesday, after which the Vatican said he "woke up normally".

"The hospital is doing everything it can to help him get better, so let's hope he recovers soon," student Chiara Ruvolo told AFP outside the hospital north of the Vatican, where a banner read "Long live the pope!"

Experts said much would depend on how advanced the cancer was, and whether it had spread, but the Vatican has said it was detected early and was localised.

"When caught in early stages, then it has a very very good prognosis, which is what we're hoping and praying for with Pope Leo," Juanita Mora, medical spokesperson for the American Lung Association, told AFP.

The Vatican has said it expects the pope's recovery to take around a week. All his audiences have been cancelled until October 20.

- Up and about -

Leo is staying in a room on the 10th floor of the building, next to a papal suite with a private chapel that is currently under renovation.

Professor Federico Venuta, head of Thoracic Surgery at the Policlinico Umberto 1 hospital in Rome, told AFP he expected Leo to be up and about immediately.

"Generally, on the first day, patients undergoing this type of procedure are mobilized immediately," he said.

"They have a follow-up X-ray, resume eating with a light breakfast, and then start physical therapy right away -- the sooner they get out of bed, the better," he added.

Chicago-born Leo, a keen tennis player, had entered the hospital smiling and waving on Tuesday.

In the hospital chapel, dozens of faithful prayed for the pope's health during the operation.

- New uncertainty -

The shock news of his illness has rattled the Catholic Church, according to Vatican watchers.

"The Church is now in a state of uncertainty. When Leo was elected everyone foresaw a long papacy," expert Marco Politi, who has spent decades covering the Vatican, told AFP.

Hendro Munsterman, a theologian and expert for Dutch newspaper Nederlands Dagblad, said it was "a new phase".

"We have a pope whom everyone described as young, active and athletic... Now, we have a pope who also has his own vulnerabilities, which will change his image," he told AFP.

"This might prompt him to speed up certain matters," such as personnel appointments.

"If he also has to undergo medical treatments, we don't know if they might affect his pace or his ability to get things done, so there are many questions being raised today," he said.

Politi said Leo had been working on "repairing" rifts between various wings of the Church, and many will want him "to continue with this important mission as soon as possible".

Filipino Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, the dean of the College of Cardinals, is due to celebrate an important mass on St Peter's Square on Wednesday that was to have been presided over by the pope.

The surgery has raised questions about whether Leo will go ahead with a lengthy visit next month to Uruguay, Argentina and Peru, where he worked as a missionary for two decades.

The surgery marks Leo's first hospitalisation since he became pope on May 8, 2025.

The Vatican has historically been very secretive about the health of popes, but began to be more transparent during the illness of Leo's predecessor, Francis, an Argentine who freely discussed his ailments.

F.Young--SFF